針卡針逐枝講 (1): 維他命K

很多網友都會延後打針，或者分開接種，亦有人問過如何選擇疫苗去接種。我的立場當然不建議注射任何直接入血的東西，實在是無妄之災呢！這個系列包括維K、卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、白喉、破傷風、百日咳、小兒麻痺混合針、麻疹、德國麻疹、腮腺炎混合疫苗)

除了肺炎疫苗，以及新疫苗如流感疫苗、子宮頸癌疫苗、生蛇/水痘疫苗外，也未有機會深入去說其他疫苗。（所有疫苗的文章可看此）

首先一定要談維他命K，記得我們說不打針時，護士問︰連維他命也不打嗎？（她的意思可能是其他有毒有菌，她也理解為何不打。）維他命K是用來凝血，以防你寶寶缺維K。醫院建議所有孩子接種，缺維K而導致出血問題的寶寶，大約佔0.25-1.7%，多屬早產及剖腹生產的嬰兒。

其實此針是因為有很多地方會做割包皮手術，所以維K往往成為必須的手術前針。有趣的是，其實孩子由第五至七日才會懂製造維K，而聖經所說是第八日才應該割包皮，看來古人也有其道理呢！當然，現在除了割包皮，最嚴峻的流血風險，就是接種疫苗了，真是一個惡性循環呢。

說遠了。維K針裡，除了有過量的維K，大約是嬰兒需要的二萬倍，還有防腐劑，令肝的負荷很重，也有專家說這令很多孩子出現黃疸問題，因為肝臟實在處理不了。美國有很多家長會買口服維K，分量較適宜，且不會直接入血。而我則覺得無需要，只要首八天不讓醫生用針扎寶寶、臍帶留長一點 （臍帶血有凝血元素），吃母乳 （含易吸收的適量維K） ，則連口服的也不需要。

ADVERSE REACTIONS (Vaccine Insert here)

Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactoid reactions and deaths have been reported following parenteral administration. The majority of these reported events occurred following intravenous administration (see Box Warning.)

The possibility of allergic sensitivity, including an anaphylactoid reaction, should be kept in mind following parenteral administration.

Transient "flushing sensations" and "peculiar" sensations of taste have been observed, as well as rare instances of dizziness, rapid and weak pulse, profuse sweating, brief hypotension, dyspnea, and cyanosis.

Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site may occur.

Infrequently, usually after repeated injection, erythematous, indurated, pruritic plaques have occurred; rarely, these have progressed to scleroderma-like lesions that have persisted for long periods. In other cases, these lesions have resembled erythema perstans.

Hyperbilirubinemia has been observed in the newborn following administration of phytonadione. This has occurred rarely and primarily with doses above those recommended.